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The magnetic quantum number \(( m )\), to describe the orientation in space of a particular orbital. It is called the magnetic quantum number because the effect of different orientations of orbitals was first observed in the presence of a magnetic field. The magnetic quantum number \(( m )\) determines the number of orbitals and their orientation within a subshell. Consequently, its value depends on the orbital angular momentum quantum number \(l\).

Given a certain \(l , m\) is an interval ranging from \(- l\) to \(+ l\), so it can be zero, a negative integer, or a positive integer.