Question
Name and explain the principle, the given equation represents: $p^2+2 p g+q^2=1$.
✓
Answer
- The given equation represents Hardy-Weinberg (genetic) equilibrium.
- This principle stated that allele frequences in a population are stable and remain constant from generation to generation, i.e., the gene pool remains a constant; this is called genetic equilibrium.
- The sum total of all the allele frequencies is one.
- Individual frequencies are named as p and q, which represent the frequencies of alleles A and a respectively, in a population of diploid organisms.
- The frequency of $A A$ individuals is $p^2$, while that of aa is $q^2$ and $A a$ is $2 p q$; hence $p^2+2 p g+q^2=1$, which is the binomial expansion of $(p+q)^2$.
- Any deviation in the frequency of alleles represents an evolutionary change.
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