\((1)\) \(\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
{\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{H_3}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,} \\
| \,\,\,\\
{2C{H_3} - CH - CHO}
\end{array}\) \(+\) \(NaOH\) \(\to \) \(\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
{\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{H_3}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,} \\
|\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \\
{C{H_3} - CH - C{H_2}OH}
\end{array}\) \(+\) \(\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
{\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{H_3}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,} \\
| \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\\
{C{H_3} - CH - C{H_2}Na}
\end{array}\)
\((2)\) \(\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
{\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{H_3}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,} \\
|\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \\
{C{H_3} - CH - CHO}
\end{array} + {H - \,\,\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
\,\,\,\,{C{H_3}} \\
| \,\,\,\\
{{C^\infty }} \\
|\,\,\, \\
\,\,\,{C{H_3}}
\end{array} - CHO}\) \(\to \) \(\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
\,\,\,\,\,{C{H_3}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,OH\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{H_3}} \\
{|\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,|\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,|\,} \\
{C{H_3} - CH - CH - C - CHO} \\
{\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,|} \\
{\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{H_3}}
\end{array}\)
$X-Y-Z$