$O(g) + e^- \to O^-(g); \Delta H = - 142 \,kJ \,mol^{-1}$
$O^-(g) + e \to O^{2-} (g); \Delta H = 844\, kJ \,mol^{-1}$
આ કોના કારણે છે?
$O _{( g )} e \rightarrow O _{( g )}^{-} ; \Delta H =-142 \,kJ / mol$
$O _{( g )}^{-} e \rightarrow O _{( g )}^{2-} ; \Delta H =844\, kJ / mol$
This is because when an electron is added to negatively charged ion, it experiences more repulsion rather than attraction.
Hence the addition of the second electron usually requires energy. As a result, second electron affinity values are positive i.e. endothermic.
$(i)$ આણ્વિય ત્રિજ્યા $(ii)$ આયનીકરણ ઉર્જા $(iii)$ ન્યૂકિલર ભાર