Moving Charges and Magnetism — Physics STD 12 Science — Question

1. Magnetic field is produced by electric charges only.
2. Magnetic poles are only mathematical assumptions having no real existence.

Explanation:
Justification of (a) and (b):
Investigators and experimenters have failed to find any sign of magnetic monopoles. So, we can assume that magnetic monopoles are only a mathematical assumption.
A magnetic field is produced by the motion of an electric charge only. In paramagnets or ferromagnets, the motion of an electron (charge) and the alignment of domains (bunch of charges with particular alignment) create paramagnetism and ferromagnetism, respectively.
Therefore, the only cause behind the magnetic field is the motion of an electric charge.
Denial of (c):
The north pole is equivalent to an anticlockwise current and the south pole is equivalent to a clockwise current.
Denial of (d):
A bar magnet is not equivalent to a long, straight current because the distribution and orientation of magnetic field lines do not resemble each other.