Primary or aliphatic amine is a stronger base than ammonia. Expla… - Vidyadip

Question

Primary or aliphatic amine is a stronger base than ammonia. Explain.

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Answer

(1) The alkyl group in primary amines has + I effect i.e. (electron releasing).
$R -\ddot{ N } H _2 \quad \ddot{ N } H _3$
The alkyl group tends to increase the electron density on the nitrogen atom. As a result, amines can donate the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen more easily than ammonia.
(2) The amine being a base, can donate a pair of electrons to an acid. The alkyl group with +I effect will disperse the positive charge on the cation more than ammonia.

Due to +I effect of alkyl group cation formed by primary amine is more stable compared to cation formed from ammonia. Also it is seen that observed increasing basic strength from ammonia to primary amine is explained on the basis of increased stabilization of conjugate acids by +1 effect for the presence of alkyl (R) groups. Hence, primary or aliphatic amine is a stronger base than ammonia.

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