Question
Prove that the following arguments are standard by constructing metaphorical proof
$(P\ \&\ Q) \rightarrow S$
$S \rightarrow ( \sim L \rightarrow \sim N)$
$\sim L\ \&\ \sim N$
$P\ \&\ Q$
$\therefore\sim N\ v\ F$

Answer

$(1)\ (P\ \&\ Q ) \rightarrow S$ $P$
$(2)\ S \rightarrow 5( \sim\ L \rightarrow \sim\ N)$ $P$
$(3)\ \sim\ L\ \&\ \sim\ N$ $P$
$(4)\ P\ \&\ Q$ $P/ \therefore \sim\ N\ v\ F$
$(5)\ (P\ \&\ Q) \rightarrow  ( \sim L \rightarrow \sim N)$ $1, 2, HS$
$(6)\ \sim L \rightarrow \sim N$ $5, 4, MP$
$(7)\ \sim L$ $3,$ Simp.
$(8)\ \sim N$ $6, 7, MP$
$(9)\ \sim\ N\ v\ F$ $8,$ Add.

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