Read the passage given below and answer the following question. R… - Vidyadip

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Read the passage given below and answer the following question.
Rocks are made up of different minerals. Minerals are naturally occurring substances which have certain physical properties and definite chemical composition. Minerals are very important to human kind. Some are used as fuels. For example, coal, natural gas and petroleum. They are also used in industries-iron, aluminium, gold, uranium, etc. in medicine, in fertilisers, etc.
(i) What are rocks primarily composed of?
(a) Organic materials $\quad$ (b) Minerals $\quad$ (c) Gases$\quad$ (d) Water
(ii) Which of the following is not a characteristic of 0 minerals?
(a) Crystalline structure
(b) Specific physical properties
(c) Naturally occurring
(d) Variable chemical composition
(iii) Which of the following minerals is used as fuel?
(a) Coal $\quad$ (b) Iron $\quad$ (c) Mica $\quad$ (d) Gypsum
(iv) Which of the following is an example of industries in which minerals like iron, aluminium commonly are used?
(a) Agriculture $\quad$ (b) Textiles $\quad$ (c) Healthcare $\quad$ (d) Automobiles

✓

Answer

i.b. Minerals
ii.d. Variable chemical composition.
iii.a. Coal
iv.d. Automobiles

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Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.
Every state in India has a Legislative Assembly. Each state is divided into different areas or constituencies. The state of Himachal Pradesh is divided into 68 assembly constituencies. From each constituency, the people elect one representative who then becomes a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). You would have noticed that people stand for elections in the name of different parties.
These MLAs, therefore, belong to different political parties. A political party whose MLAs have won more than half the number of constituencies in a state can be said to be in a majority. The political party that has the majority is called the ruling party and all other members are called the opposition. For example, the Legislative Assembly of the state of Himachal Pradesh has 68 MLA constituencies.
(i) How are Members of the Legislature Assembly (MLA) elected in India?
(a) Elected by Governor $\quad$
(b) Chosen by the president $\quad$
(c) Directly elected by the people $\quad$
(d) Selected by political parties
(ii) What is the role of opposition in a Legislative Assembly?
(a) To make laws $\quad$ (b) To appoint the Chief Minister $\quad$
(c) To challenge and scrutinise the ruling party $\quad$ (d) To approve budget
(iii) How is the ruling party different from the opposition in a Legislature Assembly?
(a) By the number of MLAs elected $\quad$
(b) By constituencies members $\quad$
(c) By alphabetical order $\quad$
(d) By party names
(iv) What happens if a political party's MLA win more than half the constituencies in a state?
(a) They form a coalition. $\quad$ (b) They become opposition. $\quad$
(c) They dissolve Legislative Assembly. $\quad$ (d) They are in the majority and become the ruling party.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.
In Akbar's reign, these Jagirs were carefully assessed so that their revenues were roughly equal to the salary of the mansabdar. By Aurangzeb's reign, this was no longer the case and the actual revenue collected was often less than the granted sum. There was also a huge increase in the number of mansabdars, which meant a long wait before they received a jagir. These and other factors created a shortage in the number of jagirs. As a result many jagirdars tried to extract as much revenue as possible while they had a jagir.
(1) Who introduced mansabdar system?
(a) Babur
(b) Humayun
(c) Akbar
(d) Aurangzeb
(ii) Mansabdar received their salaries as revenue assignments called
(a) Mansab
(b) Jagir
(c) Zat
(d) Iqtas
(ill) How many mansabdars were there during the Akbar's reign?
(a) 29
(b) 79
(c) 39
(d) 69
(iv) Jagir is the term used to describe
(a) rank
(b) land
(c) property
(d) salary

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.
The rhythmic rise and fall of ocean water twice in a day is called a tide. It is high tide when water covers much of the shore by rising to its highest level. It is low tide when water falls to its lowest level and recedes from the shore. The strong gravitational pull exerted by the Sun and the Moon on the Earth's surface causes the tides. The water of the Earth closer to the Moon gets pulled under the influence of the Moon's gravitational force and causes high tide. During the full moon and new moon days, the Sun, the Moon and the Earth are in the same line and the tides are highest. These tides are called spring tides. But when the Moon is in its first and last quarter, the ocean waters get drawn in diagonally opposite directions by the gravitational pull of Sun and Moon resulting in low tides.
(i) What causes the rhythmic rise and fall of ocean water, known as tides?
(a) Winds scraping across the ocean surface
(b) Earth's rotation on its axis
(c) Gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon
(d) Underwater volcanic eruptions
(ii) What characterises neap tides?
(a) High tides with maximum water coverage
(b) Low tides with minimal water coverage
(c) Tides occurring during the first and last quarter of the Moon
(d) Tides caused by volcanic eruptions
(iii) Spring tides occur during which of the following?
(a) Half Moon $\quad$ (b) Full Moon $\quad$ (c) Quarter Moon $\quad$ (d) None of these
(iv) How tides are helpful to us?
(a) They help in navigation
(b) They help in fishing
(c) They help to raise their water level close to shores
(d) All of the above

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.
Vegetation in the Sahara desert includes cactus, date palms and acacia. In some places there are oasis -green islands with date palms surrounding them. Camels, hyenas, jackals, foxes, scorpions, many varieties of snakes and lizards are the prominent animal species living there. The Sahara desert despite its harsh climate has been inhabited by various groups of people, who pursue different activities.
Among them are the Bedouins and Tuaregs. These groups are nomadic tribes rearing livestock such as goats, sheep, camels and horses. These animals provide them with milk, hides from which they make leather for belts, slippers, water bottles; hair is used for mats, carpets, clothes and blankets. They wear heavy robes as protection against dust storms and hot winds.
(i) Which types of vegetation are mentioned in the Sahara desert?
(a) Oak trees
(b) Cactus, date palms and acacia
(c) Pine trees
(d) Maple trees
(ii) What are the green islands with date palms in the Sahara called?
(a) Jungles
(b) Meadows
(c) Oasis
(d) Orchards
(iii) Which animals are prominent in the Sahara desert?
(a) Polar bears and penguins
(b) Tigers and elephants
(c) Camels, hyenas and jackals
(d) Kangaroos and koalas
(iv) What products do the hides of the livestock provide for the Bedouins and Tuaregs?
(a) Chocolate bars
(b) Leather for belts, slippers and water bottles
(c) Silk scarves
(d) Diamond jewellery

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.
"Care was taken that the muqti collected only the taxes prescribed by the state and that he kept the required number of soldiers. Under Alauddin Khalji the state brought the assessment and collection of land revenue under its own control. The rights of the local chieftains to levy taxes were cancelled and they were also forced to pay taxes.
The Sultan's administrators measured the land and kept careful accounts. Some of the old chieftains and landlords served the Sultanate as revenue collectors and assessors. There were three types of taxes (1) on cultivation called kharaj and amounting to about 50% of the peasant's produce, (2) on cattle and (3) on houses."
(i) What were the land holders called during the period of Khalji and Tughluqs?
(a) Muqti
(b) Iqta
(c) Bandagan
(d) Zamindars
(ii) Who brought collection of land revenue under the state's control?
(a) Muhammad Tughluq
(b) Alauddin Khalji
(c) Iltutmish
(d) Khizr Khan
(iii) What was the other obligation of local chieftains, apart from paying taxes?
(a) Religious rituals
(b) Military service
(c) Cultural events
(d) Educational programmes
(iv) Who decided the amount of tax imposed during Khalji and Tughluqs?
(a) Peasants
(b) Landlords
(c) Sultans
(d) Iqtadars

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.
Language and Region
In 1318, the poet Amir Khusrau noted that there was a different language in every region of this land: Sindhi, Lahori, Kashmiri, Dvarsamudri (in Southern Karnataka), Telangani (in Andhra Pradesh), Gujari (in Gujarat), Ma'bari (in Tamil Nadu), Gauri, (in Bengal). Awadhi (in Eastern Uttar Pradesh) and Hindawi (in the area around Delhi). Amir Khusrau went on to explain that in contrast to these languages there was Sanskrit which did not belong to any region. It was an old language and "common people do not know it, only the Brahmanas do".
Make a list of the languages mentioned by Amir Khusrau. Prepare another list of the names of languages spoken today in the regions he mentioned. Underline names that are similar and circle those that are different. Did you notice that the names by which languages are known have changed over time?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow.
For centuries, rulers beloriging to the Gurjara-Pratihara, Rashtrakuta and Pala dynasties fought for control over Kannauj. Because there were. three "Parties" in this long-drawn conflict, historians often describe it as the "Tripartite Struggle". Rulers also tried to demonstrate their power and resources by building large temples. So, when they attacked one another's kingdom, they often chose to target temples, which were sometimes extremely rich. One such ruler is Mahmud of Ghazni, Afghanistan.
He raided the sub-continent 17 times (1000-1025) with a religious motive. His targets were wealthy temples, including that of Somnath, Gujarat. Much of the wealth Mahmud carried away was used to create a splendid capital city at Ghazni.
(i) What did Mahmud of Ghazni do with the wealth he carried away from the sub-continent?
(a) Built a navy
(b) Created a splendid capital city
(c) Invested in education
(d) Distributed among the poor
(ii) What term is commonly used to describe the conflict over Kanauj in the passage?
(a) The Hundred-Year War
(b) The Pala Strife
(c) The Tripartite Struggle
(d) The Long-drawn Clash
(iii) What was the primary motive for Mahmud of Ghazni's seventeen raids in the sub-continent?
(a) To seek knowledge.
(b) To conquer and unite India under one rule.
(c) To plunder India's wealth
(d) To establish peaceful relations with neighbouring states.
(iv) Mahmud of Ghazni raided the sub-continent 17 times with a religious motive. What was his primary target during these raids?
(a) Royal palaces
(b) Educational institutions
(c) Wealthy temples
(d) Military fortifications

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.
As we have seen the low value attached to women's household and care-giving work is not an individual or family matter. It is part of a larger system of inequality between men and women. It, therefore, has to be dealt with through actions not just at the level of the individual or the family but also by the government. As we now know, equality is an important principle of our Constitution.
The Constitution says that being male or female should not become a reason for discrimination. In reality, inequality between the sexes exists. The government is, therefore, committed to understanding the reasons for this and taking positive steps to remedy the situation. For example, it recognises that burden of child-care and housework falls on women and girls.
(i) Who bears the burden of the child-care and household?
(a) Men and women equally $\quad$
(b) Mainly men $\quad$
(c) Mainly women and girls $\quad$
(d) Government
(II) What does the government commit to do regarding gender inequality?
(a) Ignore it $\quad$ (b) Promote it $\quad$
(c) Acknowledge it but no action. $\quad$ (d) Understand it and take positive action.
(iii) Which is not a example of gender inequality?
(a) Gender pay gap $\quad$
(b) Recruitment in armed forces. $\quad$
(c) Limited access to education.
(d) Unequal division of household labour.
(iv) What does the text say regarding the equality between women and men?
(a) Equality doesn't exist. $\quad$
(b) equality is a significant challenge. $\quad$
(c) Equality is a minor issue. $\quad$
(d) Equality varies by region.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.
The plains of the Ganga and the Brahmaputra, the mountains and the foothills of the Himalayas and the Sundarbans delta are the main features of this basin, Ox-bow lakes dot the plain area. The area is dominated by monsoon climate. The monsoon brings rains from mid-June to mid-September. The summers are hot and the winters cool. The basin area has varied topography. The environment plays a dominant role in the distribution of the population. The mountain areas with steep slopes have inhospitable terrain. Therefore, less number of people live in the mountain area of the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin. The plain area provides the most suitable land for human habitation. The soil is fertile. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people where flat land is available to grow crops. The density of population of the plains is very high.
(i) What is the dominant climate pattern in the Ganga Brahmaputra Basin?
(a) Desert climate
(b) Monsoon climate
(c) Arctic climate
(d) Mediterranean climate
(ii) Which season experiences hot and humid conditions in the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin?
(a) Spring $\quad$ (b) Summer $\quad$ (c) Winter $\quad$ (d) Autumn
(iii) Why do fewer people inhabit the mountain areas of the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin?
(a) Steep slopes make it difficult for agriculture
(b) Abundant fertile soil in the mountains
(c) Cooler climate in the mountains
(d) Presence of rich mineral resources
(iv) What type of terrain is most suitable for human habitation and agriculture in the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin?
(a) Mountainous terrain
(b) Desert terrain
(c) Flat plain terrain
(d) Rainforest terrain

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.
Some of them like Kabir and Baba Guru Nanak rejected all orthodox religions. Other like Tulsidas and Surdas accepted existing beliefs and practices but wanted to make these accessible to all.
Tulisdas conceived of God in the form of Rama. Tulsidas's composition, the Ramcharitmanas, written in Awadhi (a language used in Eastern Uttar Pradesh), is important both as an expression of his devotion and as a literacy work. Surdas was an ardent devotee of Krishna. His compositions, compiled in the Sursagara, Surasaravali and Sahitya Lahari, express his devotion. Also contemporary was Shankaradeva of Assam who emphasised devotion of Vishnu, and composed poems and plays in Assamese.
(i) Which composition, written in Awadhi, is considered important as an expression of devotion and as a literary work?
(a) Ramcharitmanas
(b) Sursagara
(c) Sahitya Lahari
(d) Surasaravali
(ii) Which work is not associated with expressing the devotion of Surdas?
(a) Ramcharitmanas
(b) Sursagara
(c) Sahitya Lahari
(d) Surasaravali
(iii) Which poet from Assam emphasised devotion to Vishnu?
(a) Kabir
(b) Tulsidas
(c) Shankaradeva
(d) Guru Nanak
(iv) According to the passage, who rejected all orthodox religions?
(a) Kabir
(b) Guru Nanak
(c) Tulsidas
(d) Both (a) and (b)