Satellite $DNA$ is important because it
NEET 2015, Medium
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d
(d) : Satellite $DNA$ is that part of repetitive $DNA$ which has long repetitive nucleotide sequences in tandem that forms a separate fraction on density ultracentrifugation. $DNA$ fingerprinting involves identifying differences in some specific regions in $DNA$ sequence called as repetitive $DNA$, because in these sequences, a small stretch of $DNA$ is repeated many times. These repetitive $DNA$ sequences are separated from bulk genomic $DNA$ as different peaks during density gradient centrifugation. The bulk $DNA$ forms a major peak and the other small peaks are referred to as satellite $DNA$. Depending on base composition $(A:T$ rich or $G:C$ rich), length of segment, and number of repetitive units, the satellite $DNA$ is classified into many categories, such as micro satellites, minisatellites etc. These sequences normally do not code for any proteins, but they form a large portion of human genome. These sequences show high degree of polymorphism and form the basis of $ DNA$ fingerprinting. Since $DNA$ from every tissue (such as blood, hairfollicle, skin, bone, saliva, sperm etc.) from an individual show the same degree of polymorphism, they become very useful identification tool in forensic applications.
(d) : Satellite $DNA$ is that part of repetitive $DNA$ which has long repetitive nucleotide sequences in tandem that forms a separate fraction on density ultracentrifugation. $DNA$ fingerprinting involves identifying differences in some specific regions in $DNA$ sequence called as repetitive $DNA$, because in these sequences, a small stretch of $DNA$ is repeated many times. These repetitive $DNA$ sequences are separated from bulk genomic $DNA$ as different peaks during density gradient centrifugation. The bulk $DNA$ forms a major peak and the other small peaks are referred to as satellite $DNA$. Depending on base composition $(A:T$ rich or $G:C$ rich), length of segment, and number of repetitive units, the satellite $DNA$ is classified into many categories, such as micro satellites, minisatellites etc. These sequences normally do not code for any proteins, but they form a large portion of human genome. These sequences show high degree of polymorphism and form the basis of $ DNA$ fingerprinting. Since $DNA$ from every tissue (such as blood, hairfollicle, skin, bone, saliva, sperm etc.) from an individual show the same degree of polymorphism, they become very useful identification tool in forensic applications.
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