Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 ArtsHISTORYDelhi Sultanate5 Marks
Question
Specify the tools to know the history of Delhi Sultanate.
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Answer
To study the history of medieval India, historians have divided it into three parts: $(1)$ Sultanate $(1206$ to $1526)\ (2)$ Mughal $(1526$ to $1707)\ (3)$ Maratha $(1646$ to $1818).$
There is ample historical material required to know the history of medieval India.
This material is divided into three sections$: 1.$ Archaeological material $2.$ Literary material, $3.$ Foreign migrants and their travel notes.
$1.$ Archaeological Equipment: Archeology is a reliable science based on scientific facts and evidence.
Its importance is acknowledged by every scholar.
Archeology is extremely useful for the study of the history of medieval India.
It provides an abundance of equipment.
These include excavated materials, inscriptions, various coins and coins, ruins of buildings, monuments, etc.
The information obtained by archeology has been used as a first$-$rate and basic instrument of history, and a wealth of information on medieval history has been compiled.
$2.$ Literary Equipment: The Turkish conquerors who invaded India brought with them scholars familiar with the art of historiography.
The writings of these writers cover a wide range of issues relating to the then state, society, religion, meaning and public life.
Which is extremely useful and supportive for the study of history.
Literary Content of the Sultanate: History from the beginning to the end of the Sultanate has been extensively written by many writers.
Since these writers were granted asylum by the Sultan, their writings are biased towards the Sultan.
Yet it is useful and accommodating.
Amir Khushro's works provide information on Kaikumbad, Jalaluddin Khalji, Alauddin Khalji, Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah and Gyasuddin.
Amir Khushro was a disciple of the Sufi saint Nizamuddin Olia.
His works include five works from "Quran Us Sahin" to "Tughlaqnama".
It contains information about Alauddin's reign in "Khajainul Kutuh".
Amir Khushro has given useful information about Khaljivansh.
Important information about the sultans is also found in Shams Siraj's rival's work "Tabkate$-$Nasiri".
He was accompanied by Muslim historian Aburihan Alberuni during Mahmud Ghaznavi's invasion of India.
In his book "Tahkik$-$e$-$Hind" he gives information about Mahmud Ghaznavi's invasions, military strength, wars, victories as well as India.
This information is supported, reliable and neutral.
Mohammed Qasim Firista in "Twarikh$-$e$-$Firishta" gives information about the Sultan of Bahman as well as the dynasty of Ghor and Mohammad Ghori.
The famous author Ziauddin Barni's "Twarikh$-$e$-$Firozshahi" contains information about the Tughlaq dynasty.
Lodivansh information is found in the Persian work of Yahyabin Ahmad Sarhidi, "Twarikh$-$e$-$Mubarakshahi".
It describes the history from Mohammed Ghori to Syed Mubarak Shah.
An author named Mushtaki has given information up to the first battle of Panipat $(1526).$
$3.$ Foreign Tourists and Their Travelogues: Travelogues of foreign tourists in medieval India are considered to be very basic and important.
Chow$-$ju$-$kua, a Chinese merchant and traveler who came to India in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, in his book "Chua$-$fan$-$char", Ibn Battuta, a traveler from South India and the Arabs, records the time.
Italian traveler Nicola D. Conti and Iranian traveler Abudar Razak have visited the state of Vijayanagar as the Shah's ambassador to Iran.
Athenius Nikitin, a traveler from Russia, came to South India at this time.
Portuguese travelers such as Barbosa, Domingo Paez, Nunez Ludovico$-$de$-$Barthe and Caesar Frederick have given information about sixteenth century India.
Rolf Fitch was the first traveler to visit India in the 16th century.
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