Question
State and explain principle of moments.
✓
Answer
When a number of like or unlike parallel forces act on a rigid body and the body is in equilibrium, then the algebraic sum of the moments in the clockwise direction is equal to the algebraic sum of the moments in the anticlockwise direction. In other words, at equilibrium, the algebraic sum of the moments of all the individual forces about any point is equal to zero.
In the illustration given in figure, the force $F_1$ produces an anticlockwise rotation at a distance $d_1$ from the point of pivot $P$ (called fulcrum) and the force $F_2$ produces a clockwise rotation at a distance $d_2$ from the point of pivot $P$. The principle of moments can be written as follows: Moment of clockwise direction $=$ Moment of anticlockwise direction $F _1 \times d _1= F _2 \times d _2$
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