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Solutions — Chemistry STD 12 Science — Question

Rajasthan BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceChemistrySolutions5 Marks
Question
State Henry's law and mention some important applications.
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Answer

Henry's law :
(i) The solubility of a gas in liquid at constant temperature is proportional to the pressure of that gas. The solubility of a gas in a liquid solution depends on the partial pressure of the gas and the solubility of gas in solution is expressed in mole fraction.
(ii) The mole fraction of a gas in the solution is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas present above that solution.
(iii) The partial pressure (p) of a gas in vapour state is proportional to mole fraction (x) of gas in that solution.
$p= K _{ H } x$ where $K _{ H }=$ Henry's constant
Important Applications of Henry's Law :
Henry's law has many applications in industries and biological phenomena of which the following applications are as follows :
  • The partial pressure of oxygen at high altitude places is less than at ground level, hence the concentration of oxygen in blood and tissues of the people and climbers living at these places reduces. Due to which they become weak and their thinking ability reduces, this disease is called anoxia.
  • To increase the solubility of CO2 in soda water and soft drinks, the bottle is closed at high pressure.
  • The divers have to face high pressure and high solubility of gases while breathing in deep sea. Due to greater external pressure, the solubility of atmospheric gases taken in with respiration increases in blood. As the diver comes to the surface, the external pressure gadually decreases, causing dissolved gases to escape forming nitrogen bubbles in blood. These create blockages in the cells which are called Bends. These are painful and fatal. To avoid the toxic effects of excessive amounts of bends and nitrogen in the blood, divers uses air diluted with helium for breathing (11.7% helium, 56.2% nitrogen and 32.1% oxygen.)

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