Question
Derive the ideal gas equation.
✓
Answer
According to Boyle's law,
$V \propto \frac{1}{ P }$ (at constant $T$ and $n$ ).....(1)
According to Charles' law,
$V \propto T$ (at constant $P$ and $n$ ).....(2)
According to Avogadro's law,
$V \propto n$ (at constant $P$ and $T$ )......(3)
Combining relations (1), (2) and (3), we get$V \propto \frac{ nT }{ P }$Converting this proportionality into an equation by introducing a constant of proportionality ('R' known as gas constant), we get$\therefore V =\frac{ nRT }{ P }$On rearranging the above equation, we get$PV = nRT$
where,
$P=$ Pressure of gas,
$V=$ Volume of gas,
$n =$ number of moles of gas,
$R=$ Gas constant,
$T =$ Absolute temperature of gas.
This is the ideal gas equation or equation of state.
[Note: In the ideal gas equation, R is called gas constant or universal gas constant, whose value is same for all the gases. In this equation, if three variables are known, fourth can be calculated. The equation describes the state of an ideal gas. Hence, it is also called as equation of state.]
$V \propto \frac{1}{ P }$ (at constant $T$ and $n$ ).....(1)
According to Charles' law,
$V \propto T$ (at constant $P$ and $n$ ).....(2)
According to Avogadro's law,
$V \propto n$ (at constant $P$ and $T$ )......(3)
Combining relations (1), (2) and (3), we get$V \propto \frac{ nT }{ P }$Converting this proportionality into an equation by introducing a constant of proportionality ('R' known as gas constant), we get$\therefore V =\frac{ nRT }{ P }$On rearranging the above equation, we get$PV = nRT$
where,
$P=$ Pressure of gas,
$V=$ Volume of gas,
$n =$ number of moles of gas,
$R=$ Gas constant,
$T =$ Absolute temperature of gas.
This is the ideal gas equation or equation of state.
[Note: In the ideal gas equation, R is called gas constant or universal gas constant, whose value is same for all the gases. In this equation, if three variables are known, fourth can be calculated. The equation describes the state of an ideal gas. Hence, it is also called as equation of state.]
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