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Solutions — Chemistry STD 12 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceChemistrySolutions2 Marks
Question
State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components. Write two characteristics of the solution which obeys Raoult’s law at all concentrations.
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Answer

Rault’s law states that for a solution of volatile liquids, the partial pressure of each component is directly proportional to their mole fraction in solution.
Raoult's Law: According to Raoult's law, for a solution of two volatile liquids, the partial vapour pressure of each component of the solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction present in solution.
$\text{P}_1\alpha\text{ x}_1$
$\Rightarrow\text{P}_1=\text{P}^{0}_1\text{x}_1$
$P_1=$ partial pressure of component $1$
$x_1=$ mole fraction of component $1$
$\text{P}^0_1$ pure vapour pressure of component $1$
Ideal solution obeys Raoult's law at all concentrations. The conditions obeyed are,
  1. $\Delta_{\text{mix}}\text{H}=0$
  2. $\Delta_{\text{mix}}\text{V}=0$
Two characteristics of ideal solutions:
  1. They obey rault’s law at all ranges of concentration. I.e. Ptotal $= P_1 + P_2$
  2. Both $\Delta\text{H}$ and $\Delta\text{V}$ are zero for such solutions.

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