Question
State the condition when a body is in (i) static, (ii) dynamic, equilibrium. Give one example each of static and dynamic equilibrium.
✓
Answer
(i) The conditions for static equilibrium are:
(a) The sum of the (vector) forces must equal zero, i.e. ? F = 0
(b) The sum of the torques must equal zero; i.e. ? ? = 0.
(ii) The conditions for dynamic equilibrium are:
(a) The body should have a broad base.
(b) Centre of gravity of the body should be as low as possible.
(c) Vertical line drawn from the centre of gravity should fall within the base of the support.
Examples:
Static equilibrium: a box at rest on a floor; there is a gravitational force pulling the object to the earth, but there is also an equal and opposite force applied by the floor to the box (pushing up).
Dynamic equilibrium: A rock travelling across the cosmos, far enough away from any other object (so as not to be affected by gravity - in other words, in zero gravity conditions); the rock continues to travel in a straight line at uniform velocity either for eternity, or until acted upon by an external unbalanced force.
(a) The sum of the (vector) forces must equal zero, i.e. ? F = 0
(b) The sum of the torques must equal zero; i.e. ? ? = 0.
(ii) The conditions for dynamic equilibrium are:
(a) The body should have a broad base.
(b) Centre of gravity of the body should be as low as possible.
(c) Vertical line drawn from the centre of gravity should fall within the base of the support.
Examples:
Static equilibrium: a box at rest on a floor; there is a gravitational force pulling the object to the earth, but there is also an equal and opposite force applied by the floor to the box (pushing up).
Dynamic equilibrium: A rock travelling across the cosmos, far enough away from any other object (so as not to be affected by gravity - in other words, in zero gravity conditions); the rock continues to travel in a straight line at uniform velocity either for eternity, or until acted upon by an external unbalanced force.
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