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Ecosystems — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYEcosystems5 Marks
Question
  1. Taking example of a small pond, explain how the four components of an ecosystem function as a unit.
  2. Name the type of food chain that exist in a pond.
✓

Answer

  1. The four component in an ecosystem functions as unit as follows:
  1. Productivity: This is represented by the autotrophic phytoplanktons same algae and the floating and marginal plants found at the edges.
  2. Energy flow: Represented by water in the pond with all the dissolved organic and inorganic substances, the solar energy and other climate conditions that regulate the rate of function of the pond. The consumers are represented by the 200 planktons and bottom dwelling forms.
  3. Decompositions: The decomposers are the fungi bacteria and flagellates abundant at the bottom of the pond.
  4. Nutrient cycling: The pond ecosystem converts inorganic material into organic material using solar energy by the autotrophs. The autotrophs are eaten up by hetrotrophs, decomposition and mineralisation of dead matter for resuse by autotrophy is done by decomposers.
  1. Grazing food chain exists in a pond.

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