4. Chemical bonding and molecular structure — Chemistry STD 11 Science — Question

$1)$ Count and add all the electrons in valence shell

$2)$ Divide it by $8$

$3)$ On dividing by $8$ you will get a remainder and quotient, add quotient $+$ (remainder $/ 2$)

$4)$ Now get the hybridization corresponding to the number what you got

If $2$ its $sp$, if $3$ its $sp ^2$, if $4$ its $sp ^3$, if $5$ its $sp ^3 d$ and so on.

Ex: $NO ^{2+}$

$\rightarrow$ Total electrons in valence shell : $5+6 \times 2-1=16$.

$\rightarrow 16 / 8=2$. Quotient $=2$ and Remainder $=0$

$\rightarrow 2+0 / 2=2$ i.e $sp$

$N H ^{4+}$

$\rightarrow$ Total electrons in valence shell : $5+7 \times 4-1=32$.

$\rightarrow 32 / 8=4$. Quotient $=4$ and Remainder $=0$

$\rightarrow 4+0 / 2=4$ i.e $sp ^3$

$NO ^{3-}$

$\rightarrow$ Total electrons in valence shell : $5+6 \times 3+1=24$.

$\rightarrow 24 / 8=3$. Quotient $=3$ and Remainder $=0$

$\rightarrow 3+0 / 2=3$ i.e $sp ^2$