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Evolution — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Rajasthan BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYEvolution3 Marks
Question
Try to trace the various components of human evolution (hint: brain size and function, skeletal structure, dietary preference etc.)
✓

Answer

→ Solution:
→ Human evolution can be based on different components, namely:
• Size of the brain
• Body posture
• Food habits/dietary preferences
• Characteristics/features
→ The following table depicts the same:
Human evolution stagesSize of the brainBody postureFood preferencesFeatures
Dryopithecus africans-Knuckle-walking, ape- like walkLeaves and tender fruitsEqual-sized arms and legs, large canines
Ramapethicus-Semi-erect postureNuts and seedsLarge molars, small canines
Australopithecus africanus450 ccCompletely erect posture, around 1.05m tallFruits (herbivorous)Inhabited trees, stone weapons for hunting, incisors & canines are smaller
Homo habilis735 ccCompletely erect posture, around 1.5m tallCarnivorousSmall canines, first to make tools
Homo erectus800 cc to 1100 ccCompletely erect posture, around 1.5m - 1.8m tallOmnivorousFor hunting, used bone and stone tools
Homo neanderthalensis1300 cc to 1600 ccCompletely erect posture, around 1.5m - 1.66m tallOmnivorousInhabited caves, buried their deads, hid their bodies for protection
Homo sapiens fossilis1650 ccCompletely erect posture, 1.8mOmnivorousPossessed strong jaw with teeth closely placed, inhabited caves and made carvings and paintings in caves. Developed a culture and were referred to as the first modern men.
Homo sapiens sapiens1200 cc to 1600 ccCompletely erect posture, around 1.5m - 1.8m tallOmnivorousPossess a high intelligence quotient, referred to as the living modern man. Developed language, speech, culture, art and language. Cultivation of crops and domestication of animals observed.

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