Two equal charges $q$ of opposite sign separated by a distance $2a$ constitute an electric dipole of dipole moment $p$. If $P$ is a point at a distance $r$ from the centre of the dipole and the line joining the centre of the dipole to this point makes an angle $\theta $ with the axis of the dipole, then the potential at $P$ is given by $(r > > 2a)$ (Where $p = 2qa$)
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(a) For the given situation, diagram can be drawn as follows
As shown in figure component of dipole moment along the line $OP$ will be $p' = p\cos \theta $. Hence electric potential at point $P$ will be $V = \frac{1}{{4\pi {\varepsilon _0}}}.\frac{{p\cos \theta }}{{{r^2}}}$
As shown in figure component of dipole moment along the line $OP$ will be $p' = p\cos \theta $. Hence electric potential at point $P$ will be $V = \frac{1}{{4\pi {\varepsilon _0}}}.\frac{{p\cos \theta }}{{{r^2}}}$
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