Two infinitely long parallel wires carry currents of magnitude $I_1$ and $I_2$ are at a distance $4 cm$ apart. The magnitude of the net magnetic field is found to reach a non-zero minimum value between the two wires and $1 \,cm$ away from the first wire. The ratio of the two currents and their mutual direction is
KVPY 2016, Advanced
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$(a)$ Let magnetic field is minimum at some point $P$, distant $x$ from first wire.

Net magnetic field at $P$ is

$B=\frac{\mu_0 I_1}{2 \pi x \times 10^{-2}}-\frac{\mu_0 I_2}{2 \pi(4-x) \times 10^{-2}}$

$=\frac{\mu_0}{2 \pi \times 10^{-2}}\left(\frac{I_1}{x}+\frac{I_2}{x-4}\right)$

For $B$ to be minimum,

$\frac{d B}{d x}=0 \Rightarrow \frac{d}{d x}\left(\frac{I_1}{x}+\frac{I_2}{x-4}\right)=0$

$\Rightarrow-\frac{I_1}{x^2}-\frac{I_2}{(x-4)^2}=0 \Rightarrow-\frac{I_1}{x^2}=\frac{I_2}{(x-4)^2}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{I_1}{I_2}=-\left(\frac{x}{x-4}\right)^2$

with $x=1 \,cm$, we have

$\frac{I_1}{I_2}=-\left(\frac{1}{1-4}\right)^2=-\frac{1}{9} \text { or } \frac{I_2}{I_1}=-9$

Here, negative sign shows that they are anti-parallel.

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