Magnetic force $=\mathrm{qv}\left(\frac{\mu_{0}}{4 \pi} \times \frac{\mathrm{qv}}{r^{2}}\right)$
$\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{m}}=\mathrm{q}^{2} \mathrm{v}^{2}\left(\frac{\mu_{0}}{4 \pi}\right) \frac{1}{\mathrm{r}^{2}}$
$\frac{F e}{F_{m}}=\frac{k}{v^{2}\left(\frac{\mu_{0}}{4 \pi}\right)}=\frac{1}{v^{2} \varepsilon_{0} \mu_{0}}=\frac{c^{2}}{v^{2}}$
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$(i)$ The equivalent e.m.f. is smaller than either of the two $e.m.f.$ is
$(ii)$ The equivalent internal resistance is smaller than either of the two internal resistances
