$i=\frac{\text { normal molecular mass }}{\text { observed molecular mass }}$
For strong electrolytes which dissociate completely, it is equal to the number of ions produced in the solution.
In case of association, two or more molecules associate to form a single molecule so the van't hoff factor will be less than $1$ .
In case of dissociation one molecule is forming two or more ions so the van't Hoff factor will be more than $1$ .
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The reaction $X+Y^{2+} \rightarrow x^{2+} +Y$ will be spontaneous when :
