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Thermal Properties of Matter — Physics STD 11 Science — Question

Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 SciencePhysicsThermal Properties of Matter3 Marks
Question
What are different scales of temperature? What is the relation between them?
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Answer

  1. Celsius scale:
    • The ice point (melting point of pure ice) is marked as $O ^\circ\ C$ (lower point) and steam point (boiling point of water) is marked as $100 ^\circ\ C$ (higher point).
    • Both are taken at one atmospheric pressure.
    • The interval between these points is divided into two equal parts. Each of these parts is called as one degree celsius and it is ‘written as $1 ^\circ\ C$.
  2. Fahrenheit scale:
    • The ice point (melting point of pure ice) is marked as $32 ^\circ\ F$ and steam point (boiling point of water) is marked as $212 ^\circ\ F$.
    • The interval between these two reference points is divided into $180$ equal parts. Each part is called as degree fahrenheit and is written as $1 ^\circ\ F$.
  3. Kelvin scale:
    • The temperature scale that has its zero at $-273.15 ^\circ\ C$ and temperature intervals are same as that on the Celsius scale is called as kelvin scale or absolute scale.
    • The absolute temperature, T and celsius temperature, $T_C$​​​​​​​ are related as, $T = T_C + 273.15$
      eg.: when $T_C = 27 ^\circ C$,$T = 27+273.15 K = 300.15 K$
Relation between different scales of temperature:
$\frac{ T _{ F }-32}{180}=\frac{ T _{ C }-0}{100}=\frac{ T _{ K }-273.15}{100}$
where,
$T_F​​​​​​​$​​​​​​​ = temperature in fahrenheit scale,
$T_C​​​​​​​$​​​​​​​ = temperature in celsius scale,
$T_K$​​​​​​​​​​​​​​ = temperature in kelvin scale,
[Note: At zero of the kelvin scale, every substance in nature has the least possible activity.]

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