Question
What are isotherms? Explain the process of liquiefication using it.
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Answer
Isotherms are P-V graphs drawn at same temperature. When pressure is increased, volume is reduced at constant temperature. Beyond certain level, the pressure remains same for certain reduction in volume and then the pressure increases sharply. As temperature is increased, the constant portion reduces and at a temperature called critical temperature, the flat portion is absent. In each isotherm, before the flat portion is reached, the substance is in gaseous state and beyond the flat portion, it is in the liquid state. During the flat portion of P-V graph, the gas is under liquefication and so both gaseous and liquid states co-exist. Beyond T. it is not possible to liquefy the gas whatever large the pressure may be.
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