What are ligands? Classify them with examples ? - Vidyadip

Question

What are ligands? Classify them with examples ?

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Answer

Ligands : Neutral molecules or ionc (generally aminos) bonded to central metal atom or ion against normal valency rules in a complex or coordinate compounds are called ligands. They are classified as :
(i) Uni or monodentate : Only one atom of the ligand acts as donor e.g. $CH ^{-}, NH _3$ etc.
(ii) Di or bidentate : Two atoms of the ligand act as donor e.g. $H _2 N- CH _2- CH _2- NH _2$ etc.
(iii) Tridentate : Three atoms of the ligand act as donor e.g. $H _2 N- CH _2- CH _2- NH - CH _2- CH _2- NH _2$ etc.
In the same way tetra, penta, hexa dentate ligands are possible.
(iv) Ambideatate : Ligands having two donor atoms but using only one donor atom according to need are called ambidentate ligands e.g. $NO _2^{\overline{2}}$ can use only one donor atom N or O according to need, hence called ambidentate legand.

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