Question
What are nucleotides? Describe their structure.
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Answer
Nucleotides: They are small, complex molecules made of C, H, O, N, P. Each nucleotide consists of 3 units: a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and phosphate groups. The nitrogenous base is a purine (adenine or guanine) or pyrimidine (thymine/cytosine/ uracil). The sugar may be ribose in ribonucleotide or deoxyribonucleotide. Combination of a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar forms a nucleoside. Nucleotides are mono or di or triphosphates of nucleosides, e.g., Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
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