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Control and Coordination — Science STD 10 — Question

CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10ScienceControl and Coordination5 Marks
Question
What are reflex actions? Give two examples. Explain a reflex arc.
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Answer


Reflex action: A reflex action, is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus.
For example:
  1. Moving away your hand upon touching a hot object.
  2. Closing your eyes on sudden exposure to bright light.
Reflecx arc: Reflex arc is a simple nervous pathway and consists of receptors, sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons and muscles. The sensory neurons transmit the sensory information from sensory receptors to spinal cord or brain. The interneurons integrate the incoming information and signal is relayed to motor neurons. The motor pathway transmits the signal from motor neurons to the effector organs (usually muscles and glands).

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A cylindrical structure P in our body begins in continuation with medulla and extends downwards. It is enclosed in a bony cage Q and surrounded by membranes R. As many as x pairs of nerves arise from the structure P. The structure P is involved in the reflex actions of our body and conduction of nerve impulses to and from another organ S of our body with which it forms CNS.
  1. Name the structure P.
  2. Name (i) bony cage Q, and (ii) membranes R.
  3. How much is x?
  4. Name the organs S.
  5. What are the reflexes involving structure P only known as?
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