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Wave Optics — Physics STD 12 Science — Question

Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 SciencePhysicsWave Optics4 Marks
Question
What are the conditions for obtaining good interference pattern? Give reasons.
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Answer

The conditions necessary for obtaining well defined and steady interference pattern :
  1. The two sources of light should be coherent:
    The two sources must maintain their phase relation during the time required for observation. If the phases and phase difference vary with time, the positions of maxima and minima will also change with time and consequently the interference pattern will change randomly and rapidly, and steady interference pattern would not be observed. For coherence, the two secondary sources must be derived from a single original source.
  2. The light should be monochromatic :
    Otherwise, interference will result in complex coloured bands (fringes) because the separation of successive bright bands (fringes) is different for different colours. It also may produce overlapping bands.
  3. The two light sources should be of equal brightness, i.e., the waves must have the same amplitude.
    The interfering light waves should have the same amplitude. Then, the points where the waves meet in opposite phase will be completely dark (zero intensity). This will increase the contrast of the interference pattern and make it more distinct.
  4. The two light sources should be narrow :
    If the source apertures are wide in comparison with the light wavelength, each source will be equivalent to multiple narrow sources and the superimposed pattern will consist of bright and less bright fringes. That is, the interference pattern will not be well defined.
  5. The interfering light waves should be in the same state of polarization :
    Otherwise, the points where the waves meet in opposite phase will not be completely dark and the interference pattern will not be distinct.
  6. The two light sources should be closely spaced and the distance between the screen and the sources should be large : Both these conditions are desirable for appreciable fringe separation. The separation of successive bright or dark fringes is inversely proportional to the closeness of the slits and directly proportional to the screen distance.

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