Sociology and Society — Sociology STD 11 Humanities — Question
CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 HumanitiesSociologySociology and Society6 Marks
Question
What do you understand by Sociology?
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Answer
Capitalism: Capitalismwas the new economic system that emerged in Europe during the $17th$ and $18th$ centuries. This system became the driving force behind industrial growth. Karl Marx believed that capitalists were factory owners and entrepreneurs who were engaged in the systematic pursuit of profit and became rich at the expense of their workers who remained poor.
The key to capitalism as a social system was the complex relationship between factory owners, workers and the means of production i.e. factories, machinery and tools. Renaissance: Renaissancewas a European intellectual movement of the late $17th$ and $18th$ centuries, which laid emphasis on reason, individualism and rational thought. The ideas of fraternity, equality and liberty became important and resulted in the French Revolution, which abolished the monarchy, ended feudalism and privileges based on birth. The central idea of Renaissance was that all men are born with certain rights that had to be respected.
Positivism was a theory developed by Auguste Comte, regarded as the "Father of Sociology". Positivism is based on the theory that on the basis of verifiable facts it is possible to observe social life in a methodical way to establish reliable, valid knowledge which can be used to affect the course of social change and improve human conditions.
Positivism has had little influence on contemporary sociology, however, because it is argued that it encourages a misleading emphasis on superficial facts without any attention to underlying mechanisms that cannot be observed.
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