Biodiversity and Conservation — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

4. All of the above

Explanation:

The major causes of biodiversity decline are land use changes, pollution, changes in atmospheric CO2​concentrations, changes in the nitrogen cycle and acid rain, climate alterations and the introduction of exotic species, all coincident to human population growth.

The geometric rise in human population levels during the twentieth century is the fundamental cause of the loss of biodiversity. It exacerbates every other factor having an impact on rainforests. It has led to an unceasing search for more arable land for food production and livestock grazing, and for wood for fuel, construction, and energy.