Question
What is called antibody? Describe the structure of an antibody molecule.
✓
Answer
Antibody : When an antigen enters the body, the glyco protein substances secreted by the B lymphocyte cells of the body against this antigen are called antibodies.
Structure of Antibody : It is a molecule made up of complex glyco proteins. In which four polypeptide chains, two heavy ( 440 amino acids) and two light chains ( 220 amino acids) are joined together by di-sulfide bond to form a Y shape, see the antibody is displayed as $H _2 L_2$ in the picture below.
This molecule binds with the antigen (large and complex foreign molecule, mainly protein that activates specific immunity) at two points present at the top according to the principle of lock and key and forms the antigen antibody complex. The tail portion of the antibody is made up of heavy chain, it is called the constant segment.
Different types of antibodies are produced in our body, some of which are as follows- $\operatorname{Ig} A, \operatorname{IgM}, IgE$ and $\operatorname{IgG}$.
Structure of Antibody : It is a molecule made up of complex glyco proteins. In which four polypeptide chains, two heavy ( 440 amino acids) and two light chains ( 220 amino acids) are joined together by di-sulfide bond to form a Y shape, see the antibody is displayed as $H _2 L_2$ in the picture below.
This molecule binds with the antigen (large and complex foreign molecule, mainly protein that activates specific immunity) at two points present at the top according to the principle of lock and key and forms the antigen antibody complex. The tail portion of the antibody is made up of heavy chain, it is called the constant segment.
Different types of antibodies are produced in our body, some of which are as follows- $\operatorname{Ig} A, \operatorname{IgM}, IgE$ and $\operatorname{IgG}$.
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