Question
What is carbonyl group? Give information about the functional groups containing carbonyl group with their structures.
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Answer
$\rightarrow$ Carbonyl group: "The organic compunds in which carbon$-$oxygen double bond $(>C=O)$ containing functional group is present is called carbonyl compounds and $>C=O$ group is known as carbonyl group.'
Functional groups containing carbonyl group:
$\rightarrow$ Aldehydes and ketones: In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is bonded to a carbon and hydrogen while in the ketone, it is bonded to two carbon atoms.
$\rightarrow$ Carboxylic acids: The carbonyl compounds in which carbon of carbonyl group is bonded to carbon or hydrogen and oxygen of hydroxyl moiety $(-OH)$ are known as carboxylic acid.
$\rightarrow$ Amides and acyl halides: The carbonyl compounds in which carbon of carbonyl group is bonded to carbon or hydrogen and nitrogen of $-NH_2,$ moiety or to halogen are called amides and acyl halides respectively.
$\rightarrow$ Esters and anhydrides: The compounds in which carbonyl carbon is bonded to a carbon or hydrogen and oxygen of alkoxy moiety $(-OR \ ')$ and carbon of acyl moiety $(-COR \ ')$ are known as esters and anhydrides respectively.
Functional groups containing carbonyl group:
$\rightarrow$ Aldehydes and ketones: In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is bonded to a carbon and hydrogen while in the ketone, it is bonded to two carbon atoms.
$\rightarrow$ Carboxylic acids: The carbonyl compounds in which carbon of carbonyl group is bonded to carbon or hydrogen and oxygen of hydroxyl moiety $(-OH)$ are known as carboxylic acid.
$\rightarrow$ Amides and acyl halides: The carbonyl compounds in which carbon of carbonyl group is bonded to carbon or hydrogen and nitrogen of $-NH_2,$ moiety or to halogen are called amides and acyl halides respectively.
$\rightarrow$ Esters and anhydrides: The compounds in which carbonyl carbon is bonded to a carbon or hydrogen and oxygen of alkoxy moiety $(-OR \ ')$ and carbon of acyl moiety $(-COR \ ')$ are known as esters and anhydrides respectively.
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