Decomposition is the process by which decomposers break down complex organic matter (detritus) into simple inorganic substances like carbon dioxide, water, and nutrients.
Steps of Decomposition:
1. Fragmentation: Detritivores (like earthworms) break down detritus into smaller particles.
2. Leaching: Water-soluble inorganic nutrients settle down into the soil horizon and get precipitated as unavailable salts.
3. Catabolism: Bacterial and fungal enzymes degrade detritus into simpler inorganic substances.
4. Humification: It leads to the accumulation of a dark-coloured amorphous substance called humus, which is highly resistant to microbial action.
5. Mineralization: The humus is further degraded by some microbes to release inorganic nutrients back into the soil.