Question
What is Management Process? Explain its functions.
✓
Answer
$(2)$ What is process ? : A series of functions which are continuously performed for the accomplishment of pre-determent objectives of business is known as process.
$(3)$ Management as Process : A series of functions which are continuously performed for the accomplishment of pre-determent objectives of business is known as process.
$(1)$ Planning : Planning means selection of facts for the expected result and to establish inter-relationship between them, as well as observation of necessary activities and forecasting for the same.
It is the primary function of management. It helps to decide what works, who will do, when, how to what extent and when work is to be finished for the achievement of predetermined objectives, it is known as planning is necessary, to reduce risk and uncertainties involved in function. Due to planning all the activities of a business are undertaken in a systematic manner hence it becomes easy to achieve objectives.
Planning is a base for other managerial functions such as organizing, staffing, co-ordinating and controlling.
$(2)$ Organising : Organising is a structure for the assignment of authority and responsibility among individuals working for the achievement of common objectives.
Objectives, policy, program etc. are decided through planning while executing plan organisation structure is formed. Activities of a business are divided through planning while exciting plan organisation structure is formed. Activities of a business are divided among different department and various groups of people for the accomplishment of objectives.
Distribution of authority and responsibility is done which is known as organization.
$(3)$ Staffing : According to Dr. G.R. Terry “staffing is concerned with getting and maintaining satisfactory man power.”
Where there is a business organization, there has to existence of staff. Any organization without staff is like a more skeleton. Staffing function is related with recruitment of employees for the right position, at the right time, in the right number with the right qualification as well it includes selection, training, transfer, promotion, dismissal, retirement and welfare activities of employees. Staffing function also does the study of problem related to employees. The success of any business depends on its employees.
$(4)$ Directing : Directing means to guide and to supervise the employees for the accomplishment of objectives it is important to direct and supervise the employees of the organization effectively. Working for the accomplishment of pre-determined objectives. In a business unit planning is done after defining objectives, an ideal organization structure is formed, raw materials machineries are purchased, staff is appointed. All these efforts would be useless without proper directing. Directing is a continuous process required at al levels of management. The elements of directing are supervision, motivation, Leadership and Communication.
$(5)$ Controlling : Control is the function of maintaining balance among efforts, result, resources and objectives. It is the last function of management controlling is to see whether all the business activities are done with the confirming of planning or not. As per traditional concept controlling means to have restriction on employees activities to have strict approach, provision of punishment on fine. As per modern time, controlling is a corrective activity because it is not to restrict the activities but to direct them in the right direction. The function of controlling is to see mistake made in the past should not be prepared in the function.
$(4)$ Conclusion : Various management experts have explained various management functions. Over and above this functions, Co-ordination, Reporting , Budgeting etc. are equally important functions of management.
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