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Coordination Compounds — Chemistry STD 12 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceChemistryCoordination Compounds5 Marks
Question
What is meant by stability of a coordination compound in solution? State the factors which govern stability of complexes.
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Answer

The stability of a complex in a solution refers to the degree of association between the two species involved in a state of equilibrium. Stability can be expressed quantitatively in terms of stability constant or formation constant.

$\text{M}+3\text{L}\leftarrow\rightarrow\text{ML}_{3}$

Stability constant, $\beta=\frac{[\text{ML}_{3}]}{[\text{M}][\text{L}]^{3}}$

For this reaction, the greater the value of the stability constant, the greater is the proportion of ML3 in the solution.

Stability can be of two types:

  1. Thermodynamic stability:

The extent to which the complex will be formed or will be transformed into another species at the point of equilibrium is determined by thermodynamic stability.

  1. Kinetic stability:

This helps in determining the speed with which the transformation will occur to attain the state of equilibrium.

Factors that affect the stability of a complex are:

  1. Charge on the central metal ion: Thegreater the charge on the central metal ion, the greater is the stability of the complex.

  2. Basic nature of the ligand: A more basic ligand will form a more stable complex.

  3. Presence of chelate rings: Chelation increases the stability of complexes.

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