What is nucleus? Give a general introduction.

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→The central part of an atom is called nucleus. The nucleus contains the positive charge of the atom and mass densely concentrated at the centre of the atom.
→The dimensions of a nucleus are much smaller than those of an atom.
→Rutherford's experiments on scattering of $\alpha$ particles demonstrated that the radius of a nucleus was smaller than the radius of an atom by a factor of about $10^4$.
→From this we can say that the volume of a nucleus is about $10^{-12}$ times the volume of the atom.
→In other words the atom is almost empty.
→If an atom is enlarged to the size of a classroom, the nucleus would be of the size of pinhead.
→ The nucleus contains most (more than $99.9 \%$ ) of the mass of an atom.

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