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Solutions — Chemistry STD 12 Science — Question

Rajasthan BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceChemistrySolutions3 Marks
Question
What is Solubility? Explain Solubility of a solid in a liquid.
✓

Answer

→ Solubility of a substance is its maximum amount that can be dissolved in a specified amount of solvent at a specified temperature.
→ Solubility depends upon
(1)  Nature of Solvent
(2) Nature of Solute
(3) Temperature
(4) Pressure
(1)Nature of Solute and Solvent:
→ Every solid does not dissolve in a given liquid. While sodium chloride and sugar dissolve readily in water, naphthalene and anthracene do not. On the other hand, naphthalene and anthracene dissolve readily in benzene but sodium chloride and sugar do not.
→ It is observed that polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents and non polar solutes in non-polar solvents.
→ In general, a solute dissolves in a solvent if the intermolecular interactions are similar in the two or we may say like dissolves like.
(2) Effect of Temperature :
→ The solubility of a solid in a liquid is significantly affected by temperature changes.
Solute + Solvent $\rightleftharpoons$ Solution
→ This, being dynamic equilibrium, must follow Le Chateliers Principle.
→ if in a nearly saturated solution, the dissolution process is endothermic $(\Delta$ sol $H >0)$, the solubility
→ if it is exothermic $(\Delta$ sol $H <0)$ the solubility should decrease.
(3) Effect of Pressure :
→ Pressure does not have any significant effect on solubility of solids in liquids.
→ It is so because solids and liquids are highly incompressible and practically remain unaffected by changes in pressure.

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