Question
What is ten per cent law? Explain with an example.
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Answer
Ten PerCent Law – According to ten per cent law, only 10 per cent of the energy entering a particular trophic level of organisms is available for transfer to the next higher trophic level.Example – Suppose 1000 Joules of light energy emitted by the sun falls on the plants. Consider a food chain:$\text{Plants}\ \ \ \rightarrow\ \ \ \text{Deer}\ \ \ \rightarrow\ \ \ \text{Lion}\\{^\text{(Producer)}}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ {^\text{(Harbivore)}}\ \ \ \ \ \ {^\text{(Carnivore)}}$
The plants or first trophic level has 10 joules of energy in it. Now according to 10 percent law, only 10% of 10 joules of energy (which is 1 joule) will be available for transfer to the next trophic level, so that the herbivore will have only 1 joule of energy stored as food at the second trophic level. 10% of the remaining 1 joule will be transferred to third trophic level of carnivore. So, the energy available in the lion as food will be only 0.1 joule.
The plants or first trophic level has 10 joules of energy in it. Now according to 10 percent law, only 10% of 10 joules of energy (which is 1 joule) will be available for transfer to the next trophic level, so that the herbivore will have only 1 joule of energy stored as food at the second trophic level. 10% of the remaining 1 joule will be transferred to third trophic level of carnivore. So, the energy available in the lion as food will be only 0.1 joule.
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