The form of the argument and the validity of the argument — Philosophy STD 12 Arts — Question
Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ArtsPhilosophyThe form of the argument and the validity of the argument5 Marks
Question
What is the validity of an argument? Explain in detail.
✓
Answer
Statements are evaluated in terms of veracity, while arguments are evaluated in terms of authenticity.
Any argument is either standard or non-standard.
Argument cannot be valued in the language of truth, because no argument is true or false.
Statements cannot be valued in the language of authenticity, as no statement is standard or non-standard.
Every argument is always standard or non-standard.
Every statement is always true or false.
The validity of an argument is decided on the basis of the logical relationship between the base statement and the result statement. The actual veracity of the Aadhaar statement or the resulting statement is not taken into account.
The relationship between the base statement and the result statement that makes the argument standard is called the 'implicit relationship'.
An argument that has an implicit relationship between the base statement and the result statement is standard and an argument that does not have an implicit relationship between the base statement and the result statement is non-standard.
The key points regarding the validity of the argument and the statements in the argument are as follows:
The argument that both the base statement and the result statement are true is both standard and non-standard.
The argument that the base statement is true and the result statement is untrue is always disproportionate.
The argument that the base statement is untrue and the resulting statement is true is both standard and non-standard.
The argument that both the base statement and the result statement are untrue is both standard and non-standard.
Thus, an argument which has an implicit relationship between the base statement and the consequential statement is considered the standard argument.
If the supporting statements of a standard argument are actually true, they are considered to be ‘sound’ in addition to being standard.
The implicit relationship between the base statement and the result statement is metaphorical.
Valid Argument: An argument which is inconsistent in saying that the base statement is true and the result statement is untrue, is an argument.
Invalid Argument: An argument in which the constitution is true and the result statement is untrue is invalid.
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