Question
What is transition element? Explain with example.
✓
Answer
→ Transition element is defined as the one which has incompletely filled d orbitals in its ground state or in any one of its oxidation states.
→ Zinc, cadmium and mercury of group 12 have full d10 configuration in their ground state as well as in their common oxidation states and hence, are not regarded as transition metals
$\begin{array}{l}{ }_{30} Zn :[ Ar ] 3 d^{10} 4 s^2 \quad \ \ \ \ \ \ Zn ^{+2}:[ Ar ] 3 d^{10} \\ { }_{48} Cd :[ Kr ] 4 d^{10} 5 s^2 \quad \ \ \ \ \ \ Cd ^{+2}:[ Ar ] 4 d^{10} \\ { }_{80} Hg :[ Xe ] 4 f^{14} \ 5 d^{10}\ 6 s^2 \ Hg ^{+2}:[ Xe ] 4 f^{14} 5 d^{10} \\\end{array}$
→ Zinc, cadmium and mercury of group 12 have full d10 configuration in their ground state as well as in their common oxidation states and hence, are not regarded as transition metals
$\begin{array}{l}{ }_{30} Zn :[ Ar ] 3 d^{10} 4 s^2 \quad \ \ \ \ \ \ Zn ^{+2}:[ Ar ] 3 d^{10} \\ { }_{48} Cd :[ Kr ] 4 d^{10} 5 s^2 \quad \ \ \ \ \ \ Cd ^{+2}:[ Ar ] 4 d^{10} \\ { }_{80} Hg :[ Xe ] 4 f^{14} \ 5 d^{10}\ 6 s^2 \ Hg ^{+2}:[ Xe ] 4 f^{14} 5 d^{10} \\\end{array}$
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