Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from 1 to 5.
For small deformations within elastic limit the stress and strain are proportional to each other. This is known as
Hooke’s law. Thus, stress α strain
Stress = k × strain
Where k is the proportionality constant and is known as modulus of elasticity. Hooke’s law is an empirical law and is found to be valid for most materials. However, there are some materials which do not exhibit this linear relationship.

In the region from A to B, stress and strain are not proportional. Nevertheless, the body still returns to its original dimension when the load is removed. The point B in the curve is known as yield point (also known as elastic limit) and the corresponding stress is known as yield strength (σ
y) of the material.
If the load is increased further, the stress developed exceeds the yield strength and strain increases rapidly even for a small change in the stress. The portion of the curve between B and D shows this. When the load is removed, say at some point C between B and D, the body does not regain its original dimension. In this case, even when the stress is zero, the strain is not zero. The material is said to have a permanent set. The deformation is said to be plastic deformation. The point D on the graph is the ultimate tensile strength (σ
u) of the material. Beyond this point, additional strain is produced even by a reduced applied force and fracture occurs at point E. If the ultimate strength and fracture points D and E are close, the material is said to be brittle. If they are far apart, the material is said to be ductile.
- Stress is directly proportional to strain this is valid:
- Above elastic limit
- Within elastic limit
- Above plastic limit
- None of these
- SI unit of modulus of elasticity is:
- N/m2
- N
- No unit
- None of these
- Define modulus of elasticity.
- State hooks law.
- Write note on stress strain curve for ductile material.