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Biotechnology: Principles and Processes — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYBiotechnology: Principles and Processes2 Marks
Question
Which enzymes used in genetic engineering are known as molecular scissors? How many types are there? Mention the name and functions of each
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Answer

Restriction enzyme used in genetic engineering is famous by the name of molecular scissors. These are of two types :
1. Restriction Exonuclease : Function : They separate nucleotides from the end of DNA.
2. Restriction Endonuclease : Function : Cuts at specific sites within the DNA. Each restriction endonuclease is dependent on the length of the DNA sequence. Each restriction endonuclease functions by ‘inspecting’ the length of a DNA sequence. When it finds its specific recognition sequence, it binds to the DNA and cuts both the strands of the double helix at specific centers of the sugar-phosphate bases.

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