Biotechnology: Principles and Processes BIOLOGY - Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

Agarose gel is extracted from:

Enzyme which works by cutting DNA into segments:

The basic step in genetic modification of an organism is:

Biotechnology is part of the following:

Write one method of introducing foreign DNA into host cells.

What are transgenic animals?

What is the definition of biotechnology given by the European Biotechnology Association?### Define biotechnology.

How can separated DNA fragments be visualized by gel electrophoresis?

Describe the principle of separating DNA fragments by gel electrophoresis technique.

Explain any one feature of cloning conductor.

Explain any one feature necessary for cloning in a vector.

Explain the function of Agrobacterium tumifaciens in gene cloning.

What is restriction enzyme? Explain the process of separation and isolation of DNA fragments using gel electrophoresis technique.

Which enzymes used in genetic engineering are known as molecular scissors? How many types are there? Mention the name and functions of each

Draw a diagram of E.coli cloning vector pBR322.

Draw the named diagram of sparged stirred tank bioreacter.

(i) EcoRI has played a very important role in recombinant DNA technology.
(a) Explain the naming convention of Eco RI.
(b) Write the name of the recognition site and cleavage site of this restriction enzyme.
(ii) What is the longitudinal extension of DNA produced by these restriction enzymes called? Describe their role in the formation of r-DNA.

(a) Describe the role of selectable marker in r-DNA technology.
(b) Write the name of one such selectable marker considered useful for E. coli.
(c) Write one reason why it is considered an advantageous selectable marker

What is a bioreactor? Explain its functioning.

Bioreactors are the inclusion carriers in any biotechnology based production process. The ultimate success of any biotechnological technique depends on the efficiency of the bioreactor due to large scale production and economy.
In the context of the above passage, answer the following questions :
(i) For optimization of a bioreactor system, list possible operating instructions (rules). Make a list of any four.
(ii) "Optimal growth and metabolic activities of cells." Mention the stages of growth mentioned in.
(iii) Is the bioproduct formed in the bioreactor completely ready for immediate use as desired? Write the appropriate reasons also to support your answer.

Define genetic engineering. Mention its main stages.

The cutting of DNA at specific sites became possible with the discovery of _________ the enzyme called as molecular scissors.

The process of separation and purification of expressed proteins before sending them to the market is called _________.

In transgenic organism, expression of the transgene in the target tissue is determined by a _________.

pBR322 vector carry the resistance gene for _________.

The vector used for gene cloning in most of the dicotyledonous plant is _________ and in animal cell is _________.