Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 CommerceEconomicsEconomic Thoughts3 Marks
Question
Which factors should be kept in mind while establishing the statehood ?
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Answer
Around third century, he accompanied Chandragupta Maurya in establishing a country with strong and prosperous economy based on morality, to end the tyrant rule of last king of Nand dynasty "King Dhananand".
He suggested the following thoughts about, which facilities should be given in an ideal statehood.
A king should develop the basic infrastructural facilities like roads, warehouses and to create a market.
He should develop such a system in which goods can be transported from one pan of the state to other part with ease and safety.
Agriculture should be developed in state because it is the main source of earning livelihood.
He believed that land should be used in most optimum way for agricultural purpose and hence the uncultivable land should be converted into cultivable.
The king should make efforts to increase cultivable land.
He suggested of constructing reservoirs for agriculture and should increase irrigation facilities.
Because by farming, farmers get their livelihood and state gets revenue.
Kautilya emphasized on developing animal husbandry profession.
In this regard he mentioned three categories of animals.
He suggested rules and penalties related to animal husbandry.
For increasing statehood, a king should explore the possibilities of new mines and thus order excavation, develop art and craft industry to use skills and promote skill formation, promote transport and communication and also create infrastructure for industrial development.
He suggested to contract religious places and dharamshalas $($guesthouses$)$ for the welfare of people.
Every king should try to gather state treasure in ethical manner.
A state which has enough state treasure can spend proper money for its defense.
He suggested that the burden of tax should be implemented in such a way that it should not weaken the condition of tax payers and state also did not suffer loss.
He showed various rules for collecting important taxes.
Kautilya considered it as the duty of the king that the importance of labour should be maintained and He gave basis for fixation of wages for labours so that the labours can earn minimum livelihood.
It is also the responsibility of the king that its subjects should not be exploited.
He advocated to exempt 'Acharyas $($teachers$)$', 'purohits' and 'kshtriyas' from paying tax and to help farmers in the state of helplessness.
The aim of government administration was to distribute goods and food articles equally among all.
According to him it was the responsibility of the state to establish religious institutions for the poor and encourages jobs for unemployed persons.
It was the duty of the state to protect old age and weak people.
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