Question
Why do alkenes prefer to undergo electrophilic addition reaction while arenes prefer electrophilic substitution reactions? Explain.
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Answer
Alkenes and arenes both are unsaturated and electron rich. Olefins or alkenes undergo addition reaction to give more stable saturated product; in this reaction hybridization changes from sp2 to sp3. Arenes are stabilised by resonance w delocalization of $\pi$-electrons. On addition reaction to the double bond of arene, we get a product which is not resonance stabilised. Thus, arenes prefer to undergo substitution reaction while alkenes prefer to undergo addition reaction.
$\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2+\text{H}_2\xrightarrow{\text{Ni/573K}}\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_3\$\text{less stable})\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{more stable})$
$\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2+\text{H}_2\xrightarrow{\text{Ni/573K}}\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_3\$\text{less stable})\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{more stable})$
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