Why is dioxygen a gas but sulphur a solid? - Vidyadip

Question

Why is dioxygen a gas but sulphur a solid?

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Answer

Oxygen is smaller in size as compared to sulphur. Due to its smaller size, it can effectively form $\text{p}\pi-\text{p}\pi$ bonds and form $O_2(O==O)$ molecule. Also, the intermolecular forces in oxygen are weak van der Wall's, which cause it to exist as gas. On the other hand, sulphur does not form $M_2$ molecule but exists as a puckered structure held together by strong covalent bonds. Hence, it is a solid.

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