Question
Why is $H_2$ stable even though it never satisfies the octet rule?

Answer

The valence shell configuration of hydrogen atom is $1s^1$. Two hydrogen atoms approach each other and share their valence electrons.
By having two electrons in its valence shell, $H$ atom attains the nearest noble gas configuration of He.
$H_2$ molecule attains stability due to duplet formation. Hence, $H_2$​​​​​​​ is stable even though it never satisfies the octet rule.

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