Question
Why is molecular diagnosis preferred over conventional methods? Name any two techniques giving one use of each.
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Answer
Using conventional methods of diagnosis (serum and urine analysis), early detection of diseases is not possible To overcome this problem, some molecular diagnosis techniques were developed that provide early detection of diseases.
These are as follows:
These are as follows:
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) helps in early detection of diseases or pathogens by the amplification of their nucleic acid. PCR can amplify nucleic acids of pathogens even when their concentration is very low. This technique can be used for detecting HIV in suspected AIDS patients, genetic mutations in suspected cancer patients and in identifying genetic disorders.
- Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) is based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction. Infection by pathogen can be detected by the presence of antigens (proteins, glycoproteins, etc.) or by detecting the antibodies synthesised against the pathogen.
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