Question
Write a note on Oceans.
✓
Answer
There are four major oceAnswer:They are – Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Arctic Ocean. Ocean-wise main features are as under :
(i) The Pacific Ocean :
1. It is a largest ocean.
2. It spread over one-third of the Earth.
3. Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the Earth lies in the Pacific Ocean.
4. It is almost circular in shape.
5. Asia, Australia, North and South America surround it.
(ii) The Atlantic Ocean:
1. It is the second-largest ocean.
2. It is ‘S’ shaped.
3. North and South Americas are on the western side and Europe and Africa on the eastern side.
4. The coastline of Atlantic Ocean is highly indented.
5. This irregular and indented coastline provides ideal location for natural harbors and ports.
6. From the commerce point of view, it is the busiest ocean.
(iii) The Indian Ocean:
1. It is the only ocean named after a country, that is, India.
2. The shape of the ocean is almost triangular.
3. In north it is bound by Asia, in the west by Africa and in the east by Australia.
(iv) The Arctic Ocean:
1. It is located within the Arctic Circle and surrounds the North Pole.
2. It is connected with the Pacific Ocean by a narrow stretch of shallow western known as Berring Strait.
3. It is bounded by northern coasts of North America and Eurasia.
(i) The Pacific Ocean :
1. It is a largest ocean.
2. It spread over one-third of the Earth.
3. Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the Earth lies in the Pacific Ocean.
4. It is almost circular in shape.
5. Asia, Australia, North and South America surround it.
(ii) The Atlantic Ocean:
1. It is the second-largest ocean.
2. It is ‘S’ shaped.
3. North and South Americas are on the western side and Europe and Africa on the eastern side.
4. The coastline of Atlantic Ocean is highly indented.
5. This irregular and indented coastline provides ideal location for natural harbors and ports.
6. From the commerce point of view, it is the busiest ocean.
(iii) The Indian Ocean:
1. It is the only ocean named after a country, that is, India.
2. The shape of the ocean is almost triangular.
3. In north it is bound by Asia, in the west by Africa and in the east by Australia.
(iv) The Arctic Ocean:
1. It is located within the Arctic Circle and surrounds the North Pole.
2. It is connected with the Pacific Ocean by a narrow stretch of shallow western known as Berring Strait.
3. It is bounded by northern coasts of North America and Eurasia.
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As the Earth rotates from West to East, those places East of Greenwich will be ahead of Greenwich time and those to the West will be behind it. The rate of difference can be calculated as follows. The Earth rotates 360° in about 24 hours, which means 15° an hour or 1° in four minutes. Thus, when it is 12 noon at Greenwich, the time at 15° East of Greenwich will be 15 × 4 = 60 minutes, i.e., 1 hour ahead of Greenwich time, which means 1 pm but at 15° West of Greenwich, the time will be behind Greenwich time by 1 hour, i.e., it will be 11.00 am Similarly, at 180°, it will be mid-night when it is 12 noon at Greenwich.
(i) How is local time affected in places East of Greenwich ?
(a) Local time is behind Greenwich time.
(b) Local time is ahead of Greenwich time.
(c) Local time is the same as Greenwich time.
(d) Local time is not affected.
(ii) How is local time determined according to the passage ?
(a) By the movement of the Moon.
(b) By the shadow cast of the Sun.
(c) By the rotation of the planets.
(d) By the position of the Prime Meridian.
(iii) How does the Earth’s rotation affect time in different places ?
(a) It causes variations in local time.
(b) It determines the length of the day.
(c) It influences the movement of the Moon.
(d) It creates differences in sunrise and sunset times.
(iv) How is the time difference calculated between two locations, according to the passage ?
(a) By the length of the day.
(b) By the Earth’s revolution around the Sun.
(c) By multiplying the distance by 4 minutes.
(d) By calculating the Moon’s position.
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