Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education and income indices used to rank countries in four groups of human development. It was created by a Pakistani economist Mahbub Ul Haq and Indian economist Amartya Sen in 1990 and it was published by United Nation Development Programme (UNDP).
The HDI is a summary measure of average achievements in key dimensions of human development; a long and healthy life, being knowlegeable and have a decent standard of living. The HDI is the geometric mean of the following three dimensions:
- Life expectancy at birth.
- Adult literacy and combined gross enrolment ratio.
- Standard of living measured at gross national income per capita.
All the three indicators are given equal weightage i.e., 1/3. Out of 187 countries, India ranks at 130 in terms of HDI with a value of 0.609.